[안드로이드/Android] AsyncTask 로 HttpURLConnection 를 이용한 날씨 앱 만들기

 

안드로이드에서 서버와 통신하기 위한 AsyncTask 로 HttpURLConnection 을 이용하는 방법입니다.

 

저는 openweathermap 의 api 를 통해 날씨 정보를 표시해주는 앱을 만들어보았습니당 🌤

https://openweathermap.org/api

Weather API - OpenWeatherMap

 

 

작성한 파일 목록 입니다.

1. AndroidManifest.xml
2. build.gradle(:app)
3. strings.xml
4. WeatherModel.java
5. MainActivity.java
6. activity_main.xml
7. RequestHttpUrlConnection.java

 

 

1. AndroidManifest.xml

인터넷 권한 을 추가해야 합니다.
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
를 추가해주세요!

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.eun.myapp">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
        	<intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

    </application>

</manifest>

 

 

2. build.gradle(:app)

하단 dependencies {} 안에 gson, glide 에 대한 라이브러리를 사용하기 위해 추가해 줍니다.

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 29
    buildToolsVersion "29.0.3"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.eun.myapp"
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 29
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }

}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])

    implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:28.0.0'
    implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:2.0.4'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'

    implementation 'com.android.support:design:28.0.0'

    implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.0'
    implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.9.0'

}

 

 

3. strings.xml

openweathermap.org 의 주소와 해당 사이트에서 발급받은 key값을 여기저기서 가져다 사용하기 위해 res/values/strings.xml 의 resources 에 지정해주었습니다.

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">MyApp</string>
    <string name="weather_url">http://api.openweathermap.org/</string>
    <string name="weather_app_id">key값</string>
</resources>

 

 

4. WeatherModel.java

통신 시 받아올 데이터를 사용하기 쉽도록 응답받는 데이터에 맞추어 VO 를 구현한 Weather 관련 model class 입니당

package com.eun.myapp.data;

public class WeatherModel {

    String name = "";  //도시이름
    String icon = "";  //나라
    String country = "";  //아이콘
    double temp = 0.0;  //온도
    String main = "";  //날씨
    String description = "";  //상세설명
    double wind = 0.0;  //바람
    double clouds = 0.0;  //구름
    double humidity = 0.0;  //습도

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getIcon() {
        return icon;
    }

    public void setIcon(String icon) {
        this.icon = icon;
    }

    public String getCountry() {
        return country;
    }

    public void setCountry(String country) {
        this.country = country;
    }

    public double getTemp() {
        return temp;
    }

    public void setTemp(double temp) {
        this.temp = temp;
    }

    public String getMain() {
        return main;
    }

    public void setMain(String main) {
        this.main = main;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public double getWind() {
        return wind;
    }

    public void setWind(double wind) {
        this.wind = wind;
    }

    public double getClouds() {
        return clouds;
    }

    public void setClouds(double clouds) {
        this.clouds = clouds;
    }

    public double getHumidity() {
        return humidity;
    }

    public void setHumidity(double humidity) {
        this.humidity = humidity;
    }

}

 

 

5. MainActivity.java

화면을 구성하고 AsyncTask 를 사용하여 비동기로 HttpUrlConnection 을 통해 날씨 정보를 가지고 왔습니다.

AsyncTask 의 자세한 내용은 아래글을 참고해주세용!

https://eunoia3jy.tistory.com/124

[안드로이드/Android] AsyncTask 를 이용한 프로그레스바(ProgressBar) 표시하기

 

package com.eun.myapp;

import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.bumptech.glide.Glide;
import com.eun.myapp.data.WeatherModel;
import com.eun.myapp.util.RequestHttpUrlConnection;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    public static String TAG = "["+MainActivity.class.getSimpleName() +"] ";
    Context context = MainActivity.this;

    TextView tv_name, tv_country;
    ImageView iv_weather;
    TextView tv_temp, tv_main, tv_description;
    TextView tv_wind, tv_cloud, tv_humidity;

    String strUrl = "";  //통신할 URL
    NetworkTask networkTask = null;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        strUrl = getString(R.string.weather_url)+"data/2.5/weather";  //Strings.xml 의 weather_url 로 통신할 URL 사용

        initView();
        requestNetwork();
    }

    
    /* view 를 설정하는 메소드 */
    private void initView() {
        tv_name = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
        tv_country = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_country);
        iv_weather = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_weather);
        tv_temp = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_temp);
        tv_main = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_main);
        tv_description = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_description);
        tv_wind = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_wind);
        tv_cloud = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_cloud);
        tv_humidity = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_humidity);
    }


    /* NetworkTask 를 요청하기 위한 메소드 */
    private void requestNetwork() {
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("q", "seoul");
        values.put("appid", getString(R.string.weather_app_id));

        networkTask = new NetworkTask(context, strUrl, values);
        networkTask.execute();
    }


    /* 비동기 처리를 위해 AsyncTask 상속한 NetworkTask 클래스 */
    public class NetworkTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> {
        Context context;
        String url = "";
        ContentValues values;

        public NetworkTask(Context context, String url, ContentValues values) {
            this.context = context;
            this.url = url;
            this.values = values;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
        }

        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
            String result = "";

            RequestHttpUrlConnection requestHttpUrlConnection = new RequestHttpUrlConnection();
            result = requestHttpUrlConnection.request(url, values, "GET");  //HttpURLConnection 통신 요청

            Log.d(TAG, "NetworkTask >> doInBackground() - result : " + result);
            return result;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Void... values) {
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
            Log.d(TAG, "NetworkTask >> onPostExecute() - result : " + result);

            if (result != null && !result.equals("")) {
                JsonParser jp = new JsonParser();
                JsonObject jsonObject = (JsonObject) jp.parse(result);
                JsonObject jsonObjectSys = (JsonObject) jp.parse(jsonObject.get("sys").getAsJsonObject().toString());
                JsonObject jsonObjectWeather = (JsonObject) jp.parse(jsonObject.get("weather").getAsJsonArray().get(0).toString());
                JsonObject jsonObjectMain = (JsonObject) jp.parse(jsonObject.get("main").getAsJsonObject().toString());
                JsonObject jsonObjectWind = (JsonObject) jp.parse(jsonObject.get("wind").getAsJsonObject().toString());
                JsonObject jsonObjectClouds = (JsonObject) jp.parse(jsonObject.get("clouds").getAsJsonObject().toString());

                WeatherModel model = new WeatherModel();
                model.setName(jsonObject.get("name").toString().replaceAll("\"",""));
                model.setCountry(jsonObjectSys.get("country").toString().replaceAll("\"",""));
                model.setIcon(getString(R.string.weather_url)+"img/w/" + jsonObjectWeather.get("icon").toString().replaceAll("\"","") + ".png");
                model.setTemp(jsonObjectMain.get("temp").getAsDouble() - 273.15);
                model.setMain(jsonObjectWeather.get("main").toString().replaceAll("\"",""));
                model.setDescription(jsonObjectWeather.get("description").toString().replaceAll("\"",""));
                model.setWind(jsonObjectWind.get("speed").getAsDouble());
                model.setClouds(jsonObjectClouds.get("all").getAsDouble());
                model.setHumidity(jsonObjectMain.get("humidity").getAsDouble());
                
                setWeatherData(model);  //UI 업데이트
                
            } else {
                showFailPop();
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected void onCancelled() {
            super.onCancelled();
        }
        
    }  //NetworkTask End


    /* 통신하여 받아온 날씨 데이터를 통해 UI 업데이트 메소드 */
    private void setWeatherData(WeatherModel model) {
        Log.d(TAG, "setWeatherData");
        tv_name.setText(model.getName());
        tv_country.setText(model.getCountry());
        Glide.with(context).load(model.getIcon())  //Glide 라이브러리를 이용하여 ImageView 에 url 로 이미지 지정
                .placeholder(R.drawable.icon_image)
                .error(R.drawable.icon_image)
                .into(iv_weather);
        tv_temp.setText(doubleToStrFormat(2, model.getTemp()) + " 'C");  //소수점 2번째 자리까지 반올림하기
        tv_main.setText(model.getMain());
        tv_description.setText(model.getDescription());
        tv_wind.setText(doubleToStrFormat(2, model.getWind()) + " m/s");
        tv_cloud.setText(doubleToStrFormat(2, model.getClouds()) + " %");
        tv_humidity.setText(doubleToStrFormat(2, model.getHumidity()) + " %");
    }


    /* 통신 실패시 AlertDialog 표시하는 메소드 */
    private void showFailPop() {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
        builder.setTitle("Title").setMessage("통신실패");

        builder.setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "OK Click", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

        builder.setNegativeButton("Cancel", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Cancel Click", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        AlertDialog alertDialog = builder.create();
        alertDialog.show();
    }


    /* 소수점 n번째 자리까지 반올림하기 */
    private String doubleToStrFormat(int n, double value) {
        return String.format("%."+n+"f", value);
    }

    
}

 

 

6. activity_main.xml

MainActivity 에 대한 레이아웃입니다.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout

    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/white"
    tools:context=".ConnectActivity" >


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_title"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="60dp"
        android:background="@color/amber_200"
        android:elevation="10dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="현재 날씨"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/ll_name"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />


    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll_name"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="20dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
        android:weightSum="100"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:background="@drawable/bg_custom_title_name"
        android:gravity="center"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/tv_title" >
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_name"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="50"
            android:layout_marginRight="2dp"
            android:gravity="right|center_vertical"
            android:text="Seoul"
            android:textStyle="bold"
            android:textColor="@color/white"
            android:textSize="20dp" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_country"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="50"
            android:layout_marginLeft="2dp"
            android:gravity="left|center_vertical"
            android:text="KR"
            android:textStyle="bold"
            android:textColor="@color/white"
            android:textSize="20dp" />
    </LinearLayout>


    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll_main"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginVertical="30dp"
        android:layout_marginHorizontal="20dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:weightSum="100"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/ll_name" >

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/iv_weather"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="30"
            android:src="@drawable/icon_image"
            android:background="@drawable/bg_solid" />

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="100dp"
            android:layout_weight="70"
            android:gravity="center_vertical"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:weightSum="100"
            app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@+id/iv_weather"
            app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" >
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_temp"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="35"
                android:gravity="center_vertical"
                android:paddingLeft="25dp"
                android:text="12 C"
                android:textColor="@color/blue_light"
                android:textSize="25sp"
                android:textStyle="bold" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_main"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="35"
                android:gravity="center_vertical"
                android:paddingLeft="25dp"
                android:text="Clear Sky"
                android:textColor="@color/black"
                android:textSize="20sp"
                android:textStyle="bold" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_description"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="30"
                android:gravity="center_vertical"
                android:paddingLeft="25dp"
                android:text="broken clouds"
                android:textColor="@color/grey_500"
                android:textSize="17sp" />
        </LinearLayout>

    </LinearLayout>


    <View
        android:id="@+id/view_divider"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="1dp"
        android:layout_marginVertical="30dp"
        android:layout_marginHorizontal="20dp"
        android:background="@color/grey_200"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/ll_detail"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/ll_main" />


    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll_detail"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginVertical="30dp"
        android:layout_marginHorizontal="20dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:weightSum="100"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/view_divider" >

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="33"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:weightSum="100" >
            <ImageView
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="45"
                android:paddingTop="5dp"
                android:src="@drawable/icon_wind" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/nm_wind"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="15"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="바람  "
                android:textColor="@color/grey_500"
                android:textSize="13sp" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_wind"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="40"
                android:gravity="center_horizontal"
                android:text="4.6m/s"
                android:textColor="@color/black"
                android:textSize="17sp" />
        </LinearLayout>

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="33"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:weightSum="100" >
            <ImageView
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="45"
                android:paddingTop="5dp"
                android:src="@drawable/icon_cloud" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/nm_cloud"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="15"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="구름  "
                android:textColor="@color/grey_500"
                android:textSize="13sp" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_cloud"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="40"
                android:gravity="center_horizontal"
                android:text="75%"
                android:textColor="@color/black"
                android:textSize="17sp" />
        </LinearLayout>

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="33"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:weightSum="100" >
            <ImageView
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="45"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:paddingTop="5dp"
                android:src="@drawable/icon_humidity" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/nm_humidity"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="15"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="습도  "
                android:textColor="@color/grey_500"
                android:textSize="13sp" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_humidity"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="0dp"
                android:layout_weight="40"
                android:gravity="center_horizontal"
                android:text="59%"
                android:textColor="@color/black"
                android:textSize="17sp" />
        </LinearLayout>

    </LinearLayout>


</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

 

 

7. RequestHttpUrlConnection.java

HttpURLConnection 기능을 수행합니다.

package com.eun.myapp.util;

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.util.Log;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Map;

public class RequestHttpUrlConnection {

    public String TAG = RequestHttpUrlConnection.class.getSimpleName();

    public String request(String _url, ContentValues _params, String method) {

        String result = "";
        try{
            Log.d(TAG, "----- request() - _url : "+_url);
            Log.d(TAG, "----- request() - _params : "+_params.toString());
            
            StringBuffer sbParams = new StringBuffer();
            String data = "";
           
            if (_params == null){
                sbParams.append("");
            } else {  //파라미터가 있는 경우
                //파라미터가 2개 이상이면 파라미터를 &로 연결할 변수 생성
                boolean isAnd = false;
                //파라미터 키와 값
                String key;
                String value;

                for(Map.Entry<String, Object> parameter : _params.valueSet()){
                    key = parameter.getKey();
                    value = parameter.getValue().toString();
                    //파라미터가 두개 이상일때, 파라미터 사이에 &로 연결
                    if (isAnd){
                        sbParams.append("&");
                    }
                    sbParams.append(key).append("=").append(value);
                    if (!isAnd){
                        if (_params.size() >= 2){
                            isAnd = true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            data = sbParams.toString();

            URL url = new URL(method == "POST" ? _url : _url+"?"+data);  //URL 문자열을 이용해 URL 객체 생성
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();  //URL 객체를 이용해 HttpUrlConnection 객체 생성
            conn.setConnectTimeout(3000);
            conn.setReadTimeout(3000);
            conn.setRequestProperty("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
            conn.setDefaultUseCaches(false);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setRequestMethod(method);
//            conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
//            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");

            Log.d(TAG, "----- request() - url+param : "+url+"?"+data);

            // 서버로 값 전송
            OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();
            outputStream.write(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            outputStream.flush();

            // Response 데이터 처리
            int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
            Log.d(TAG, "----- request() - responseCode : "+responseCode);
            if(responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
                try {
                    InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), "UTF-8");
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(in);  //응답 결과를 읽기 위한 스트림 객체 생성
                    String line = "";
                    while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                        builder.append(line + "\n");
                    }
                    result = builder.toString();
                } catch(IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else {
                result = conn.getResponseMessage();
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        Log.d(TAG, "----- request() - result : "+result.trim());
        return result.trim();
    }

}

 

 

결과 화면

 

 

 

감사합니당~